Mechanized Axial Spinal Distraction Therapy Devices
DESCRIPTION
Mechanized axial spinal distraction therapy devices are generally marketed as a method for treating back pain. The basic mechanism of action involves a controlled distraction of vertebral bodies along the spinal axis for the purpose of reducing pressure along the spinal column (i.e., vertebral axial decompression). Generally, multiple treatments are administered over a period of time with the intent that the series of mechanized distractions will result in a significant reduction in pain for a significant period of time. Mechanized, computer controlled tables are typically used to apply the distractive tension; the devices may also utilize other features such as harnesses, belts, and/or biofeedback. Mechanized axial spinal distraction therapy devices are used in the treatment of a number of conditions including, but not limited to, herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, sciatica, posterior facet syndrome, lumbosacral strain, radiculopathy, and a condition called internal disc disruption (IDD).
Examples of mechanized axial spinal distraction therapy devices include: VAX-D®, Decompression Reduction Stabilization [DRS]® System, DRX9000™, and Accu-Spina System™ IDD Therapy.
Note: This medical policy was previously entitled Vertebral Axial Decompression.
POLICY
Mechanized axial spinal distraction therapy devices for the treatment of all indications, including but not limited to the treatment of back pain, are considered investigational.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
There is insufficient published evidence demonstrating that the use of a mechanized axial spinal distraction therapy device renders a health benefit equal to, or greater than, other established alternatives (e.g., simple mechanical traction, flexion/distraction, inversion therapy). Many of the studies available are uncontrolled, or contain significant methodological flaws that undermine the validity of stated positive results. Well-conducted randomized, controlled trials are required in order to draw adequate conclusions as to the level of health benefit to be obtained by using these devices.
SOURCES
BlueCross BlueShield Association. Medical Policy Reference Manual. (7:2008). Vertebral axial decompression (8.03.09). Retrieved July 21, 2008 from BlueWeb. (9 articles and/or guidelines reviewed)
Complete Guide to Medicare Coverage Issues [Computer software]. (2008, April). Vertebral axial decompression (VAX-D) (NCD 160.16, p. 2-74). St. Anthony Publishing.
Daniel D. M. (2007). Non-surgical spinal decompression therapy: Does the scientific literature support efficacy claims made in the advertising media? Chiropractic & Osteopathy, 15:7.
Deen, H. G. Jr., Rizzo, T.D., & Fenton, D. S. (2003). Sudden progression of lumbar disk protrusion during vertebral axial decompression traction therapy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 78 (12), 1554-1556. Abstract retrieved August 26, 2005 from PubMed database.
Hayes. Medical Technology Directory. (2003, January; Update search 2008). Mechanized spinal distraction therapy for low back pain. Retrieved July 7, 2008 from www.Hayesinc.com/subscribers. (35 articles and/or guidelines reviewed)
Medical Services Advisory Committee. (2001, April). Vertebral axial decompression therapy for chronic low back pain. Canberra: Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) (Application No. 1012). Retrieved November 26, 2003 from The Cochrane Library health technology assessment database.
Spinal decompression machines. (2008, June). The Medical Letter On Drugs and Therapeutics, 50 (Issue 1287), 41-41. (6 articles and/or guidelines reviewed)
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EFFECTIVE DATE |
8/14/2008 |
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